Can we diagnose aortic arch obstruction in a fetus with an atrioventricular septal defect?

BACKGROUND

Aortic arch obstruction and/or coarctation of aorta is uncommon (5-20%) in balanced atrioventricular septal defects. Although technically challenging, prenatal diagnosis of aortic arch obstruction in atrioventricular septal defect is critical for delivery planning and improves prenatal counselling regarding the timing of cardiac surgery. We sought to identify prenatal predictors of coarctation of aorta in atrioventricular septal defect.

METHODS

Retrospective review of patients prenatally diagnosed with atrioventricular septal defect at two institutions.

RESULTS

Ninety-five fetuses with atrioventricular septal defect were identified and sufficient outcome data and diagnostic acoustic windows were available in 62. Six patients (10%) had coarctation of aorta after birth. Among the 38 patients with Trisomy 21, four (11%) had coarctation of aorta. On multivariable analysis, the proximal transverse aortic arch z score and ratio of left:right atrioventricular valve were independent predictors of coarctation of aorta with good interobserver reproducibility. Either proximal transverse aortic arch z score < -2, or ratio of left:right atrioventricular valve <0.7, predicted aortic arch obstruction with 100% sensitivity and 89% specificity.

CONCLUSION

Proximal transverse aortic arch z score and lower ratio of left:right atrioventricular valve diameter are independent predictors of postnatal coarctation of aorta in fetal patients with atrioventricular septal defect. The next step is the prospective application of these parameters to create an algorithm directing fetal counselling in terms of delivery location, and expected timing of surgical interventions.