Clinical Characteristics and Interstitial Findings on High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Patients with Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis.

BACKGROUND

Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a parenchymal lung disease resulting from the prolonged inhalation of coal dust. Coal dust exposure may also lead to a spectrum of airway and parenchymal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, radiological and functional findings of CWP, as well as the presence of interstitial changes and associated risk factors.

METHODS

Patients with CWP who were admitted to the occupational diseases clinic of a tertiary hospital between 2017 and 2023 were included. Demographic, radiological, and pulmonary functional data were analyzed. High-resolution computed tomography scans were reviewed for interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Factors associated with ILD were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05.

RESULTS

A total of 100 male patients with CWP (mean age, 61.7 ± 11.7 years) were evaluated. Large opacities were present in 37% of cases. Pulmonary function testing revealed restrictive impairment in 35% and obstructive impairment in 38%of patients. Compared with those working lignite mines, bituminous coal miners exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of large opacities and lower lung function values. ILAs were identified in 63% of patients and ILD in 42%. ILD prevalence was significantly higher among those with exposure durations exceeding 10 years, working in bituminous coal mines, and with predominant small opacities larger than 3 mm.

CONCLUSIONS

Coal dust exposure represents a major risk factor not only for CWP but also for lung function impairment, ILA, and ILD. Comprehensive surveillance of coal workers is essential for early detection and timely management of these conditions.