Infectious complications associated with the use of acellular dermal matrix in implant-based bilateral breast reconstruction.

BACKGROUND

The use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has become a routine practice in implant-based breast reconstruction. Bilateral mastectomy is becoming more popular in cases of unilateral breast cancer. ADM has been associated with an increased incidence of complications.

METHODS

We identified cases of bilateral implant-based breast reconstruction over a 5-year period. Data collection included medical comorbities, details of operative management, and details of postoperative cancer treatment.

RESULTS

On univariate analysis, the use of ADM (31% vs. 7%, P = 0.018), smoking (37% vs. 13%, P = 0.045), and open wound (55% vs. 13%, P = 0.006) were significantly associated with increased risk of infection. Multivariate analysis revealed open wound as the strongest predictor of infection.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of ADM is associated with an increased risk of infection in bilateral implant-based breast reconstruction. However, it does not appear to be an independent risk factor by itself.