Evaluation of fucoidan-rich extract from Sargassum polycystum as anticoagulant, antihyperlipidemic, and potential cardioprotective agent in high-fat diet-induced wistar rats.

Fucoidan, a marine polysaccharide, has demonstrated potential in treating cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD treatment includes lowering blood coagulation, blood fat levels, and having heart-protective activity. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of fucoidan compounds isolated from brown algae (Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh) on anticoagulant effects through measurements of PT, APTT, and TT, as well as lipid profile, body weight, heart and aortic mass index, LDH, and CK-MB, as well as in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). A total of 36 animals were divided into six groups. Group I received a standard diet without treatment; Group II received 0.5% CMC; Group III was treated with simvastatin at 20 mg/kg BW; and Groups IV, V, and VI received fucoidan at doses of 30 mg/200 g BW, 40 mg/200 g BW, and 50 mg/200 g BW, respectively. Statistical analysis of the lipid profile showed that all fucoidan doses significantly reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, although HDL levels were not increased. Organ weight analysis revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in aortic weight in all treated groups, while no significant changes were observed in body or heart weight. Seven days of fucoidan administration also significantly reduced CK-MB and LDH serum levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, fucoidan compounds Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh at all tested doses show potential in the treatment of CAD by lowering total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, reducing aortic weight, prolonging coagulation times (PT, APTT, and TT), and decreasing CK-MB and LDH levels.