Relief of subglottic stenosis by anterior cricoid resection: an operation for the difficult case.

Anterior cricoid resection is an effective procedure to relieve subglottic stenosis. This is well documented in adults, although reports of the procedure in growing airways are limited. Over an 11-year period, seven pediatric patients underwent anterior cricoid resection for recalcitrant subglottic stenosis. In four patients, the stricture was secondary to prolonged intubation, one developed subglottic stenosis following a high placement of tracheostomy for epiglottitis and another had congenital subglottic stenosis. One child had subglottic stenosis combined with laryngotracheoesophageal cleft and more distally located tracheoesophageal fistula. All patients had failed to respond to previous treatment: dilatations (3 to 20), steroid injection (3 patients), and Evan's tracheoplasty (2 patients). All patients had an excellent result from anterior cricoid resection. The median age of children undergoing anterior cricoid resection was 3 years. There was no mortality. Tracheostomy decannulation was accomplished within 12 weeks following operation in all patients. It was necessary to remove a tracheal granuloma in one patient. Anterior cricoid wedge resection leaving the posterior portion of the cricoid in place is done to avoid recurrent nerve injury. It is a relatively simple and effective procedure. There has been minimal morbidity and no mortality. Follow-up from 1 to 11 years shows no recurrence of stenosis. There has been normal laryngeal and airway growth.