[PlanHaSSO: Healthy Habits Plan against Overweight and Obesity. Research project for the development of a protocolized program for primary care].

OBJECTIVE

To analyse the changes observed in clinical, analytical and lifestyle parameters in overweight or obese adults after participating in the PlanHaSSO programme developed in primary care.

DESIGN

Quasi-experimental before-and-after study in overweight or obese adults receiving primary care. SITE: Miralbueno / Garrapinillos Primary Care Centre, Zaragoza, Spain.

PARTICIPANTS

Adults aged 18 to 70 years with a diagnosis of overweight or obesity (BMI≥25kg/m2). Individuals with medical contraindications to physical activity or who were unable to attend sessions regularly were excluded.

INTERVENTIONS: PlanHaSSO, a structured program for promoting healthy lifestyle habits developed from primary care, based on nutritional education, encouraging physical activity and regular monitoring over 12 months, combining face-to-face sessions, audiovisual resources and individual advice in consultation.

MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Quarterly consultations included assessment of weight, height, waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, heart rate and adherence records. In the initial and final visits, blood samples were collected to analyse HbA1c, fasting glucose and lipid profile. Participants also completed the PREDIMED questionnaire (dietary habits) and the IPAQ (physical activity). Cardiovascular risk was estimated using the SCORE2 model.

RESULTS

The average weight decreased from 86 to 83kg, and 19% of participants with obesity (BMI>30kg/m2) achieved values below this threshold. The cardiovascular risk estimated using SCORE2 decreased from 1.51% to 0.46% during follow-up. Mean blood pressure readings decreased (SBP: from 143 to 135mmHg; DBP: from 86 to 80mmHg). From a clinical standpoint, 47% of participants with grade 1 hypertension became normotensive, and 64% of those with grade 2 hypertension progressed to grade 1 hypertension. In the lipid profile, mean LDL cholesterol decreased from 139 to 125mg/dL and mean HDL cholesterol increased from 53 to 56mg/dl.

CONCLUSIONS

Participation in the PlanHaSSO programme was associated with improvements in clinical, metabolic and lifestyle parameters in overweight or obese adults receiving primary care. The results suggest that this is a structured and feasible programme for promoting healthy lifestyle habits, with the potential to contribute to improving the cardiometabolic profile in this healthcare context.