Five cases of dizygotic triplet pregnancy following assisted reproductive techniques.

Of 816 patients who became clinically pregnant by assisted reproductive techniques between September 2000 and August 2004, we experienced 10 cases (1.2%) of monozygotic twinning, and in five of these 10 cases, implantation of another embryo resulted in dizygotic triplets. Here, we report these five cases of dizygotic triplets. Fresh embryo transfer was performed in all five cases. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection or assisted hatching was not carried out in these cases. Blastocyst transfer was performed in three cases. Three embryos were transferred in case 1 (40-year-old female). While only two embryos were transferred in the other four cases so as to avoid triplet pregnancy, triplet pregnancies were confirmed. Triplet pregnancy was maintained in three cases, but in the other two cases, monochorionic twinning resulted in miscarriage during the first trimester. For the three patients who delivered the triplets, while the postnatal growth has been normal for all nine babies, the mothers were hospitalized for a long period of time, and an emergency cesarean section was performed on two patients. Because triplet pregnancy could not be completely prevented even when only two embryos were transferred, physicians should be sure to obtain informed consent in similar cases. (Reprod Med Biol 2005; 4: 59-64).