Coagulation profile in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Ilorin, Nigeria: implications for anaesthetic management in operative obstetrics.

BACKGROUND

Severe preeclampsia and eclampsia are associated with coagulopathy which may be a contraindication to central neural axial blockade for caesarean section. Many investigations of bleeding tendencies are not done in our environment because of logistic reasons and emergency presentations of these patients.The study was designed to determine the coagulation profile of severe preeclamptic and eclamptic women in labour and possibly arrive at affordable and readily available investigation(s) that can be used in excluding bleeding tendencies in these patients.

STUDY

DESIGN

In a prospective study, 50 severely preeclamptic/eclamptic patients in labour and, 50 parturients with normal pregnancies, and, in labour were recruited. Full blood count including platelet count, prothrombin time (PT) using the International Normalized Ratio (INR) and partial thromboplastin time with kaolin (PTTK) were done in all the patients.

RESULTS

Mean platelet count was significantly lower in study patients than in controls, 158.1 × 10(9)/l versus 216.9 × 10(9)/l, p = 0.0001. Mean INR and PTTK were within the reference values for the reagents used but mean INR was significantly greater in cases than in controls, 1.06 ± 0.01 versus 0.92 ± 0.01 (p = 0.001) while PTTK was also significantly longer in cases than in controls, 38.4 ± 0.21 versus 34.3 ± 0.44 seconds (p = 0.002).

CONCLUSION

As platelet count can be readily obtained and it is affordable in our environment, it can be used in assessing bleeding tendencies in these patients for their effective management.