Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
Xy-31 and Lat-1 regulate the induction of polysaccharide disintegrating genes by arabinose in Neurospora crassa OR74A.
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Singh Shriya, Adlakha Nidhi
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Arabinose has been identified as a potent inducer of the cellulase regulon in filamentous fungi. However, the precise molecular mechanisms that drive this induction remain largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the arabinose-induced activation of cellulase and hemicellulase enzyme clusters in the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa OR74A.
RESULTS: Arabinose stimulates the secretion of cellulases and hemicellulases in N. crassa. While genome-wide scrutiny predicted several sugar transporters in N. crassa, expression studies under avicel and arabinan conditions indicated a notable upregulation of pentose transporters encoded by the lat-1 and xy-31 genes. The lat-1 and xy-31 deleted strains showed reduced arabinose uptake and diminished growth on arabinose media, highlighting their role in arabinose transport. Additionally, these transporter-deficient strains exhibited a significant decrease in endoglucanase and arabinase activity, which correlated with lower expression of cellulase-encoding transcripts, indicating the crucial roles of Lat-1 and Xy-31 in promoting the secretion of enzymes that degrade biomass. Consistent with these findings, overexpression of lat-1 and xy-31 in N. crassa resulted in a significant increase in cellulase secretion.
CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that N. crassa has multiple pentose transporters. Furthermore, we validated that the Lat-1 and Xy-31 transporters play crucial roles in arabinose-mediated induction of polysaccharide-disintegrating enzymes in N. crassa. Both transporters are required for efficient arabinose uptake and for the subsequent arabinose-dependent induction of polysaccharide-disintegrating enzymes. Collectively, these findings significantly advance the molecular understanding of fungal hemicellulose utilization and identify key transporters that represent promising targets for enhancing fungal biomass bioconversion.
RESULTS: Arabinose stimulates the secretion of cellulases and hemicellulases in N. crassa. While genome-wide scrutiny predicted several sugar transporters in N. crassa, expression studies under avicel and arabinan conditions indicated a notable upregulation of pentose transporters encoded by the lat-1 and xy-31 genes. The lat-1 and xy-31 deleted strains showed reduced arabinose uptake and diminished growth on arabinose media, highlighting their role in arabinose transport. Additionally, these transporter-deficient strains exhibited a significant decrease in endoglucanase and arabinase activity, which correlated with lower expression of cellulase-encoding transcripts, indicating the crucial roles of Lat-1 and Xy-31 in promoting the secretion of enzymes that degrade biomass. Consistent with these findings, overexpression of lat-1 and xy-31 in N. crassa resulted in a significant increase in cellulase secretion.
CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that N. crassa has multiple pentose transporters. Furthermore, we validated that the Lat-1 and Xy-31 transporters play crucial roles in arabinose-mediated induction of polysaccharide-disintegrating enzymes in N. crassa. Both transporters are required for efficient arabinose uptake and for the subsequent arabinose-dependent induction of polysaccharide-disintegrating enzymes. Collectively, these findings significantly advance the molecular understanding of fungal hemicellulose utilization and identify key transporters that represent promising targets for enhancing fungal biomass bioconversion.