Aspartame and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms of Action, Transgenerational Effects, and Health Implications.

Obesity has become a major global public health challenge. As a widely used low-calorie artificial sweetener, the relationship between aspartame and obesity has drawn significant attention. This review outlines the physicochemical properties of aspartame, its market applications, and its metabolism in the body. It highlights potential mechanisms by which aspartame may influence body weight, including interference with appetite regulation and alterations in gut microbiota. Furthermore, it reveals potential intergenerational/transgenerational health effects: parental aspartame intake, particularly during pregnancy, may increase risk of obesity, metabolic abnormalities, and neurobehavioral disorders through mechanisms such as epigenetic changes in offspring. Although multiple authoritative bodies deem aspartame safe within specified doses (acceptable daily intake: 40 mg/kg/d), controversies persist regarding its long-term health impacts (e.g., carcinogenicity, potential obesity promotion). Future research requires long-term population cohort studies and in-depth mechanistic investigations to clarify the causal relationship between aspartame and obesity, thereby providing evidence for scientifically evaluating its safety and formulating dietary guidelines.