Interventional Radiology Management of Vascular Anomalies.

Vascular anomalies span a wide biological spectrum, from self-involuting infantile hemangiomas to life-threatening arteriovenous malformations. This review focuses on the conditions most commonly managed by interventional radiology, organized within the 2025 International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies classification framework. It covers the principles and agents of sclerotherapy for venous and lymphatic malformations, including comparative evidence for sclerosing agents, and embolization strategies for arteriovenous malformations and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia -related pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Also reviewed is the role of cryoablation in fibroadipose vascular anomaly, complex lymphatic anomaly management and the emerging techniques of bleomycin electrosclerotherapy and bleomycin electroembolotherapy.