Pioneering Novel, Green, White, and Blue Fluorescence-Based Platforms for Sustainable and Concurrent Monitoring of Ciprofloxacin With Celecoxib or Itopride in Biological Matrices.

Two innovative spectrofluorimetric techniques were developed for the first time to enable simultaneous quantification of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in binary mixtures with either celecoxib or itopride hydrochloride in biological fluids. The first relied on synchronous spectrofluorimetry at a constant wavelength interval (Δλ = 100 nm), which effectively reduced spectral interference and allowed accurate estimation of celecoxib and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride at their zero-crossing points of 276 and 328 nm, respectively. The second technique leveraged direct spectrofluorimetric measurement of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and itopride hydrochloride mixture, using excitation at 258 nm that yielded two discrete emission peaks at 351 nm for ITH and 441 nm for CPN. Both methods demonstrated remarkable sensitivity and selectivity, achieving excellent linearity (r = 0.9999) across broad ranges of (0.05-3.0 μg/mL and 0.05-5.0 μg/mL for ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and celecoxib, respectively, and 0.07-4.0 μg/mL for ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and 0.04-9.0 μg/mL for itopride hydrochloride. Comprehensive greenness assessment was performed, which confirmed their low environmental burden. Moreover, whiteness and blueness evaluations highlighted the favorable integration of analytical efficiency with sustainability principles. The proposed strategies combine rapidity, high sensitivity, and environmental safety, providing reliable alternatives for routine quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and accurate determination of CPN mixtures in biological matrices.