Pediatric Anaphylaxis in the Emergency Department: From Mechanisms to Personalized Care.

Pediatric anaphylaxis remains a time-critical emergency in children due to its unpredictable onset and risk of rapid deterioration. The reaction involves mast cell activation through both IgE-dependent and non-IgE pathways, leading to widespread immune responses. Effective management relies on the timely administration of epinephrine, though age-related factors complicate dosing and delivery. Emerging approaches such as alternative administration routes and individualized treatment strategies may improve outcomes. Precision-based care and multidisciplinary coordination are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.