Universal care under strain: navigating population ageing in Europe.

Europe's ageing population is transforming universal healthcare from a financing challenge into a delivery-capacity challenge. Longer lives are increasingly accompanied by multimorbidity, polypharmacy, dementia, cardiometabolic disease, cancer, mobility loss and functional limitation, with rural regions facing the most rapidly ageing population and the weakest service infrastructure. Therapeutic innovations, including incretin-based metabolic therapies, immuno-oncology, antibody-drug conjugates and earlier detection technologies, may extend healthy ageing but will also increase demand for coordinated outpatient care, safe medication regimens, reimbursement discipline and interoperable data. This perspective outlines a 24-36-month European Union agenda: professionalize the long-term care workforce, embed pharmacist-led medication review, expand home and step-down care, and make shared discharge summaries, medication lists and care plans routine across settings.