Metabolomics analysis of Brassica rapa leaves and validation of its action as a natural remedy for pain, pyrexia and inflammation through modulating JAK/STAT3/MCP1 signaling pathway.

Brassica rapa L (Turnip), an edible plant, has been employed to remedy for various conditions like headaches, pyrexia, and inflammatory-related illness such as rheumatisms, and edema. Traditional usage offer anecdotal evidence, but comprehensive research is necessary to validate these claims scientifically. In order to provide a clear evidence of B. rapa's traditional application, this study aimed to evaluate the analgesic, anti-pyretic, and anti-inflammatory potentials of the methanolic extract of B. rapa leaves (BRMLE) along with comprehensive phytochemical characterization. The analgesic and anti-pyretic action of BRMLE was assessed in rats by using tail flick and hot plat tests, as well as using sub-cutaneous brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia model, respectively. Meanwhile, for validating the extract's anti-inflammatory potential, the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model was employed. BRMLE was administered by oral gavage at safe doses: 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. Thirty-nine compounds were tentatively identified from BRMLE by UPLC/MS/MS mainly are flavonoids, phenolics and glucosinolate group. GC/MS analyses yield the identification of fifteen compounds whereas glucoberteroin represents 87.61%. Glucobrassicin, cetyl palmitate, P-coumaric acid and luteolin were isolated from BRMLE. In hot plate and tail flick tests, BRMLE significantly increases latency response (P < 0.001), compared to control and standard. BRMLE (200 mg/kg) revealed anti-pyretic action by regulating the rat's rectal temperature. Moreover, its anti-inflammatory effect was evident through alleviating paw swelling, oxidative stress, histopathological alterations, and inflammatory mediators including p-STAT3, IL-1β, JAK, MCP1, TNF-α, and iNOS. These findings validated the analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties of BRMLE that could be attributed to its diverse phytochemical compounds.