Environmental Temperature, Other Climatic Variables, and Cardiometabolic Profile in Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Objectives

To evaluate CV profiles, periprocedural complications, and in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) according to climate.

Methods

Data from 2478 AMI patients (1779 men; mean age 67 ∓ 13 years; Pasquinucci Hospital ICU, Massa, Italy; 2007-2018) were retrospectively analyzed according to climate (LAMMA Consortium; Firenze, Italy) by using three approaches as follows: (1) annual warm (May-October) and cold (November-April) periods; (2) warm and cold extremes of the two periods; and (3) warm and cold extremes for each month of the two periods.

Results

All approaches highlighted a higher percentage of AMI hospitalization for patients with adverse CV profiles in relation to low temperatures, or higher periprocedural complications and in-hospital deaths. In warmer times of the cold periods, there were fewer admissions of dyslipidemic patients. During warm periods, progressive heat anomalies were characterized by more smoker (approaches 2 and 3) and young AMI patient (approach 3) admissions, whereas cooler times (approach 3) evidenced a reduced hospitalization of diabetic and dyslipidemic patients. No significant effects were observed for the heat index and light circulation.

Conclusions

Although largely overlapping, different approaches identify patient subgroups with different CV risk factors at higher AMI admission risk and adverse short-term outcomes. These data retain potential implications regarding pathophysiological mechanisms of AMI and its prevention.