Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2026
Prevalence and risk factors of cleft lip and/or palate in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
СтатьяСистематический обзорМетаанализНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Lemma Mandefrogn Mammo, Abebe Firehiwot Gezahegn, Lewogineh Estifanos Esubalew
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is the most common congenital orofacial anomalies worldwide, with a multifactorial etiology involving both genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of CL/P in Ethiopia and identify the associated risk factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 1990 and 2023. We included observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control, descriptive, and prospective) that reported prevalence data for CL/P in Ethiopia. Data were extracted using a standardized Excel form, and statistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 18. The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of CL/P. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane's Q test and the I² statistic, and meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the STROBE checklist (version 2007).
RESULTS: Across ten studies comprising 19,024,539 births, the pooled birth prevalence of CL/P in Ethiopia was 0.24 per 1000 live births (95 % CI: 0.12-0.36). Considerable heterogeneity was observed among studies (I² = 99.94 %, τ² = 0.04, Q = 8546.85, p < 0.001), reflecting substantial variability in prevalence estimates.
CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of CL/P in Ethiopia is lower than the global average, it represents a significant public health concern. This underscores the need for strengthen preventive measures, promoting early detection, and expanding access to timely and comprehensive treatment services are essential for reducing the burden of these congenital anomalies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 1990 and 2023. We included observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control, descriptive, and prospective) that reported prevalence data for CL/P in Ethiopia. Data were extracted using a standardized Excel form, and statistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 18. The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of CL/P. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane's Q test and the I² statistic, and meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the STROBE checklist (version 2007).
RESULTS: Across ten studies comprising 19,024,539 births, the pooled birth prevalence of CL/P in Ethiopia was 0.24 per 1000 live births (95 % CI: 0.12-0.36). Considerable heterogeneity was observed among studies (I² = 99.94 %, τ² = 0.04, Q = 8546.85, p < 0.001), reflecting substantial variability in prevalence estimates.
CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of CL/P in Ethiopia is lower than the global average, it represents a significant public health concern. This underscores the need for strengthen preventive measures, promoting early detection, and expanding access to timely and comprehensive treatment services are essential for reducing the burden of these congenital anomalies.