A neonate with high-outflow congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension due to an intracranial arteriovenous malformation.

Congestive heart failure in the newborn period is uncommon and is most commonly related to congenital structural heart disease. However, the differential diagnosis is broad and includes arrhythmias, congenital or acquired myopathies, sepsis, severe anemia, or other conditions leading to high-output cardiac failure. Here we report on a 4-day-old girl with high-output heart failure due to a congenital cerebral arteriovenous malformation.