Factors associated with postpartum depression in mothers of the kangaroo mother care program in Southern Colombia: a cross-sectional study.

UNLABELLED: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a global public health problem associated with multiple psychosocial and obstetric risk factors. However, evidence remains limited regarding mothers of infants enrolled in kangaroo care programs, a population potentially exposed to increased emotional demands. To establish the frequency and the factors related to postpartum depression in mothers attending kangaroo care in Colombia. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic, obstetric-gynecological, and psycho-emotional factors in 140 mothers with infants enrolled in a kangaroo care program. Postpartum depression prevalence was 23.5%. No significant differences were observed across sociodemographic factors. Higher prevalence was associated with vaginal delivery, previous live births, having ≥ 3 children, domestic abuse during pregnancy, and lack of support for infant care. Maternal irritability in response to infant crying was the strongest predictor (OR = 3.64; 95% CI 1.41–9.37), while family support during infant care showed a protective effect (OR = 0.19; 95% CI 0.04–0.88). Identifying the frequency of postpartum depression and its associated factors provides an evidence-based foundation for nursing practice and for healthcare professionals to develop and strengthen postpartum care strategies at the community level. These interventions should integrate maternal mental health and infant care within an interdisciplinary approach.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-45420-5.