Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia · 2014
Antinociceptive and selected physiological effects of morphine and xylazine on tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in llamas.
СтатьяРандомизированное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Seddighi Reza, Elliot Sarah B, Whitlock Brian K, Egger Christine M, Doherty Thomas J
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate antinociception, anesthesia, and recovery in llamas given tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) with either morphine, xylazine, morphine and xylazine, or saline.
STUDY DESIGN: Randomized crossover experimental study.
ANIMALS: Six healthy, adult intact male llamas.
METHODS: Llamas were given each of four treatments intramuscularly with a 1-week washout: TZ (2 mg kg(-1) ) combined with either morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1) ; M), xylazine (0.15 mg kg(-1) ; X), morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1) ) and xylazine (0.15mg kg(-1) ) (MX), or saline (C). Llamas breathed room air during the experiment. Characteristics of anesthesia, recovery, and selected cardiopulmonary variables were recorded. Antinociception was assessed by clamping a claw at 5-minute intervals. Data were analyzed using a mixed-model anova and Tukey-Kramer test, and are expressed as least squares mean ± SEM. Significance was set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS: No llama in the control group demonstrated antinociception. Antinociception was longest with treatment MX, followed by treatments X and M, respectively. Heart rates in llamas given treatments X and MX were significantly lower than with other treatments. The respiratory rate in llamas given treatment C was greater (p < 0.05) than for all other treatments, however, the respiratory rate was not significantly different among treatments X, M and MX. The PaO2 for llamas given MX remained <60 mmHg throughout the 20 minute period of blood gas analysis. Mean arterial blood pressure in llamas in treatment MX was less than for treatments M or C.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The combination of morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1) ) and xylazine (0.15 mg kg(-1) ) increased the duration of antinociception compared with xylazine alone, in TZ-anesthetized llamas. Treatments X, M and MX were associated with hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg).
STUDY DESIGN: Randomized crossover experimental study.
ANIMALS: Six healthy, adult intact male llamas.
METHODS: Llamas were given each of four treatments intramuscularly with a 1-week washout: TZ (2 mg kg(-1) ) combined with either morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1) ; M), xylazine (0.15 mg kg(-1) ; X), morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1) ) and xylazine (0.15mg kg(-1) ) (MX), or saline (C). Llamas breathed room air during the experiment. Characteristics of anesthesia, recovery, and selected cardiopulmonary variables were recorded. Antinociception was assessed by clamping a claw at 5-minute intervals. Data were analyzed using a mixed-model anova and Tukey-Kramer test, and are expressed as least squares mean ± SEM. Significance was set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS: No llama in the control group demonstrated antinociception. Antinociception was longest with treatment MX, followed by treatments X and M, respectively. Heart rates in llamas given treatments X and MX were significantly lower than with other treatments. The respiratory rate in llamas given treatment C was greater (p < 0.05) than for all other treatments, however, the respiratory rate was not significantly different among treatments X, M and MX. The PaO2 for llamas given MX remained <60 mmHg throughout the 20 minute period of blood gas analysis. Mean arterial blood pressure in llamas in treatment MX was less than for treatments M or C.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The combination of morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1) ) and xylazine (0.15 mg kg(-1) ) increased the duration of antinociception compared with xylazine alone, in TZ-anesthetized llamas. Treatments X, M and MX were associated with hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg).