Research progress in immobilized nanozymes based on hybrid nanoflowers, MOFs and nanogels.

As a class of nanomaterials with enzyme like catalytic activity, nanozymes have shown broad application prospects in the fields of biosensors, disease diagnosis and treatment, and environmental governance. However, free nanozymes face problems such as easy agglomeration and difficult circulation. Immobilization technology can not only prevent agglomeration and achieve recycling, but also improve its catalytic performance by means of interface effect and spatial confinement effect. This article reviews three main strategies for immobilizing enzyme nanoflowers in recent years: (1) protein inorganic hybrid nanoflowers are immobilized, and flower-like structures are formed by self-assembly using the coordination between enzyme and metal ions. (2) MOFs based immobilization, in-situ packaging, chemical modification and composite strategy based on metal organic framework. (3) Nanogel confinement packaging. The construction methods, mechanism and application progress of various strategies were discussed in detail, and the key challenges such as the balance between activity and stability, and the interface regulation mechanism were analyzed, providing a theoretical reference for the systematic study of immobilized nanozyme.