An Update on the Treatment of Arterial Stiffness.

Arterial stiffness, a hallmark of cardiovascular aging and disease, is characterized by the reduced elasticity of the arterial walls, which increases cardiovascular risk. Effective treatment aims not only to manage symptoms but also to address underlying causes and reduce associated risks. Thus, the present study aims to provide an understanding of lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatments for arterial stiffness, as well as the associated cardiovascular risk. The cornerstone of arterial stiffness treatment involves lifestyle changes. Regular aerobic physical activity, combined with a healthy diet, can help reduce weight, lower blood pressure, and improve arterial function. Moreover, since tobacco use directly damages arterial walls and promotes stiffness, smoking cessation is necessary. Several classes of medication, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and calcium channel blockers, not only help control blood pressure but also improve arterial compliance. New antidiabetic agents, such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, have been shown to have beneficial effects on arterial stiffness. Statins, which are commonly prescribed for cholesterol management, also have favorable effects on arterial health, beyond their lipid-lowering properties. In conclusion, treating arterial stiffness is a multifaceted process that involves lifestyle modifications, medication, and emerging therapies, all of which are best achieved through consistent monitoring. This holistic approach aims to enhance arterial elasticity, reduce cardiovascular risk, and improve overall quality of life.