Medications that Cause Fetal Anomalies and Possible Prevention Strategies.

Teratogenic exposures can disrupt fetal development and contribute to congenital anomalies, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Teratogens exert their effects through diverse pathways and at different times. Understanding medication-related teratogenicity requires an appreciation of the complex interplay between mechanisms of action, timing, dose, and mode of exposure, and risks associated with untreated or poorly managed underlying health conditions. This article summarizes the fundamental principles of teratology, examines the evidence surrounding several medications known or suspected of causing anomalies, and discusses strategies for prevention and risk reduction in clinical practice.