Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2026
Optimization of extraction, chemical characterization, and in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Corydalis yanhusuo alkaloids.
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Wang Yinhong, Zhong Ruifang, Wang Qianhui, Jiang Jianguo, Zhu Wei
Аннотация
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Corydalis yanhusuo (C. yanhusuo) has long been used in traditional medicine for treating inflammatory disorders. However, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of its alkaloids remain insufficiently characterized.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To systematically investigate the extraction, characterization, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Corydalis yanhusuo alkaloids (CYAs).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Optimization via single-factor experiments and response surface methodology yielded optimal extraction parameters: 89% ethanol, 83.5°C, liquid-to-solid ratio 20:1 mL/g, 2.7 h, giving 5.65 mg/g alkaloids. CYAs were enriched with AB-8 resin and characterized by UPLC-MS/MS as isoquinoline alkaloids. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS·+, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays, as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages by measuring NO, TNF-α, IL-6 (ELISA), mRNA expression (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 via qPCR), and protein expression (iNOS, COX-2 via Western blot).
RESULTS: CYAs showed potent scavenging activities against all tested radicals, with particularly strong hydroxyl radical scavenging. In LPS-induced macrophages, CYAs dose-dependently suppressed NO production and TNF-α/IL-6 secretion, downregulated iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 mRNA, and attenuated iNOS and COX-2 protein overexpression.
CONCLUSIONS: CYAs possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, potentially through the suppression of inflammatory mediators and inflammation-related enzymes. Further in vivo and mechanistic studies are needed to clarify their pharmacological effects and mechanisms.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To systematically investigate the extraction, characterization, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Corydalis yanhusuo alkaloids (CYAs).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Optimization via single-factor experiments and response surface methodology yielded optimal extraction parameters: 89% ethanol, 83.5°C, liquid-to-solid ratio 20:1 mL/g, 2.7 h, giving 5.65 mg/g alkaloids. CYAs were enriched with AB-8 resin and characterized by UPLC-MS/MS as isoquinoline alkaloids. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS·+, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays, as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages by measuring NO, TNF-α, IL-6 (ELISA), mRNA expression (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 via qPCR), and protein expression (iNOS, COX-2 via Western blot).
RESULTS: CYAs showed potent scavenging activities against all tested radicals, with particularly strong hydroxyl radical scavenging. In LPS-induced macrophages, CYAs dose-dependently suppressed NO production and TNF-α/IL-6 secretion, downregulated iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 mRNA, and attenuated iNOS and COX-2 protein overexpression.
CONCLUSIONS: CYAs possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, potentially through the suppression of inflammatory mediators and inflammation-related enzymes. Further in vivo and mechanistic studies are needed to clarify their pharmacological effects and mechanisms.