Dynamics and Crosstalks of H2S and H2O2 Signaling in Plant Abiotic Stress Response Deciphered by a Disposable SERS Sensing Patch.

Abiotic stresses caused by climate change pose a serious threat to global crop productivity, making the early detection of plant stress responses crucial. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as key signaling molecules, their dynamic synergistic effects are central to understanding the mechanisms of plant stress adaptation. However, real-time tracking of the dynamic changes of these molecules remains challenging. This study developed a wearable plasmonic nanoarray sensor integrated with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which cleverly combines the high sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the gas enrichment capacity of the MOF, incorporates 2D plasmonic membrane assembly technology and 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) conjugation strategy, and successfully achieves real-time and synchronous detection of H2S and H2O2 in plants. The 24 h dynamic monitoring results showed that under different stress conditions, H2S and H2O2 in tomatoes and rice both had specific dynamic change rules, and there was a complex cross-regulation mechanism between them. By combining sensor data with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the classification accuracy of stress types exceeds 95%. This non-destructive and highly sensitive detection system can provide real-time dynamic data of stress signals, bringing a breakthrough to the in-situ monitoring of plant physiological states.