Gastric bronchogenic cyst pooled case analysis: a case report and systematic review.

BACKGROUND

Gastric bronchogenic cyst constitutes a rare form of ectopic bronchogenic cyst, with an estimated incidence of less than 1 in 68,000 to 1 in 42,000. This study reported a case who was preoperatively misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor and reviewed the literature on gastric bronchogenic cyst to summarize its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, pathological manifestations, and prognosis.

METHODS

A systematic search of the literature in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases was conducted by two independent reviewers focusing on cases of gastric bronchogenic cyst.

RESULTS

Firstly, we report a rare case of bronchogenic cyst in a middle-aged female, with the lesion located near the gastric fundus. After literature review, 48 cases of gastric bronchogenic cyst (male-to-female ratio of 1:1.67, mean age was 47.54 ± 15.83 years) derived from 46 studies were enrolled. Abdominal pain (45.8%) was the most prevalent symptom, whereas 15 patients (31.3%) remained asymptomatic. Gastric bronchogenic cysts predominantly affected the gastric fundus (33.3%) and cardia (27.1%). Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (37.5%) was the most frequent misdiagnosis, while 9 patients (18.8%) were misdiagnosed as cysts originating from other abdominal organs. Laparoscopic surgery was the primary treatment (50.0%), followed by laparotomy (35.4%). Median follow-up was 10 months, no postoperative recurrence or mortality was reported in the pooled cases.

CONCLUSION

Gastric bronchogenic cyst is a rare and diagnostically challenging congenital abnormality with limited evidence to guide preoperative diagnosis. It should be incorporated into the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal neoplasms, surgical resection is regarded as the effective approach for definitive diagnosis treatment.