Holistic ecosystem strategies for boosting biopharma start-up success.

Biopharma start-ups drive pharmaceutical innovation, relying on local ecosystems that connect key actors, resources, and enabling factors. This article synthesizes literature and expert insights into a framework that outlines five pillars-networks, technology transfer, funding, education, and culture-to guide policymakers and stakeholders in building thriving biopharma clusters and accelerating innovation.