Interventions for adult congenital heart disease.

Advances in imaging diagnostics, surgical techniques and transcatheter interventions for paediatric patients with severe congenital heart disease (CHD) have substantially reduced mortality, thereby extending the lifespan of these individuals and increasing the number of adults with complex CHD. Transcatheter interventions have emerged as an alternative to traditional open-heart surgery to mitigate congenital defects. The evolution of techniques, the introduction of new devices and the growing experience of operators have enabled the treatment of patients with progressively more complex conditions. The general cardiology community might be less aware of contemporary interventions for adult CHD, their clinical indications and associated outcomes than interventional cardiologists and congenital heart specialists. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the available transcatheter interventions for adult patients with CHD.