Intractable pain due to thoracic outlet syndrome successfully treated with percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis: A case report.

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is characterized by intractable cervicobrachial pain caused by strangulation of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery by structures of the superior thoracic outlet. We describe percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis for refractory pain due to TOS. A man in his 40s had received nerve block therapy for right upper extremity pain of unknown origin for 5 years. Although imaging findings were negative for TOS, reproducible pain relieved by injection of a local anesthetic into the anterior scalene muscle suggested TOS due to compression by the muscle. Subsequently, since nerve block treatment had only temporary effect and the pain gradually worsened, right T1 epidural adhesiolysis was performed. Thereafter, the pain improved from a numerical rating scale score of 8-9/10 to 2-3/10, continuing for about 3 months. Epidural adhesiolysis was remarkably effective in treating intractable pain caused by TOS due to strangulation of the brachial plexus by the anterior scalene muscle.