Radiologic Aspects of Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia: A Case Report.

Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia (SOD) is a rare nonheritable unilateral developmental disorder characterized by dental, bone, and soft tissue abnormalities. A 13-year-old female patient presented with mild facial asymmetry. Clinical examination revealed right maxillary enlargement and gingival overgrowth. Radiologic examination revealed retention of primary teeth showing pulp chamber obliteration and irregular root resorption, agenesis of the second premolar, impaction of the first premolar, bone enlargement, and increased trabecular bone density with vertically oriented trabeculae. The combined imaging findings facilitated clear differentiation from common imaging mimickers, such as fibrous dysplasia and hemifacial hyperplasia. Bone histopathological examination revealed irregular bony trabeculae lacking an osteoblastic layer, accompanied by numerous basophilic reversal lines. This case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, combining clinical, radiologic, and histopathological evaluation in distinguishing SOD from other conditions with overlapping radiologic features.