Comparative proteomic analysis to probe into the differences in protein expression profiles and toxicity bases of Latrodectus tredecimguttatus spiderlings and adult spiders.

The early reports and our previous work confirmed the existence of the toxic proteinaceous components in the body of the L. tredecimguttatus newborn and adult spiders. For revealing the differences in the protein expression profiles and toxicity bases of the spiders at different developmental stages, the spiderling and adult spider proteins were comparatively analyzed using a proteomic strategy. Totals of 429 and 958 proteins were identified from the spiderlings and adult spiders, respectively, with 239 proteins being identified from both of them. Although some similarities between the spiderling and adult spider proteomes exist, there are obvious differences between the two proteomes in size, complexity, molecular weight (MW) distribution, acid-base property, and hydropathicity, etc. Gene ontology (GO) analysis demonstrates that, comparing based on the percentages of proteins, the spiderling and adult spider proteins have generally similar distribution profiles with respect to the subcellular localization, molecular function and biological process. However, there are still some differences between these two sets of proteins in some classifications of the three GO categories. For the adult spiders, latrotoxins together with other toxins and toxin-like proteins, etc. constitute their toxicity basis, whereas the toxicity of the spiderlings depends mainly on the synergistic action of atypical latrotoxins and toxin-like proteins, most of which are different from those of the adult spiders, demonstrating that the spiders at different developmental stages have largely different toxicity mechanisms.