Updates on Lymphatic Malformations: Medical Therapies, Sclerotherapy, and Surgery.

Lymphatic malformations represent a diverse group of congenital lymphatic disorders whose management has evolved dramatically with the advent of molecularly targeted therapies. Recognition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway as a key driver of pathogenesis has transformed treatment, with sirolimus and alpelisib now complementing traditional procedural options. Successful management demands multidisciplinary collaboration, integrating medical, interventional, and surgical involvement and expertise. Continued research into genotype-driven therapy, biomarker development, and long-term outcomes will further refine care for this complex and heterogeneous disease.