Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery · 2026
The scattering of violence: A review of the global epidemiology and characteristics of maxillofacial firearm wounds.
СтатьяScoping ReviewНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Dos Santos Luiz Augusto Rodrigues, Fernandes Laís Albuquerque, Al-Quisi Ahmed Fadhel, Grillo Ricardo, Brozoski Mariana Aparecida
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Maxillofacial surgery frequently faces the permanent and catastrophic impacts of firearm injuries, an alarming scenario due to rising mortality and morbidity rates, representing both global and individual losses.
OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to outline and synthesize the epidemiological profile and trends in the global incidence of firearm-related maxillofacial injuries.
METHODS: A scoping systematic review was conducted, including observational studies, case series, and case reports published up to September 2025, retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar, using the combination of the terms "maxillofacial injuries," "gunshot wounds," "firearms," "ballistic injuries," and "epidemiology."
RESULTS: A total of 29 articles and mortality data from the World Health Organization (WHO) database were included. There were certain limitations in the global analysis of firearm-related mortality rates due to the scarcity of information. The average death rate from violence was higher in American countries compared to countries at war (p < 0.01), and it was not possible to establish significant correlations between firearm mortality and most demographic variables. A moderate negative correlation was observed between GDP and mortality rates in war contexts (ρ = -0.55, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Greater transparency in national reporting is necessary to establish a more robust global epidemiological profile. Conversely, the negative impact of wars on national economies and violence in American countries is evident, and strict firearm access, control, and distribution laws are one potential strategy to combat this growing epidemic.
OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to outline and synthesize the epidemiological profile and trends in the global incidence of firearm-related maxillofacial injuries.
METHODS: A scoping systematic review was conducted, including observational studies, case series, and case reports published up to September 2025, retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar, using the combination of the terms "maxillofacial injuries," "gunshot wounds," "firearms," "ballistic injuries," and "epidemiology."
RESULTS: A total of 29 articles and mortality data from the World Health Organization (WHO) database were included. There were certain limitations in the global analysis of firearm-related mortality rates due to the scarcity of information. The average death rate from violence was higher in American countries compared to countries at war (p < 0.01), and it was not possible to establish significant correlations between firearm mortality and most demographic variables. A moderate negative correlation was observed between GDP and mortality rates in war contexts (ρ = -0.55, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Greater transparency in national reporting is necessary to establish a more robust global epidemiological profile. Conversely, the negative impact of wars on national economies and violence in American countries is evident, and strict firearm access, control, and distribution laws are one potential strategy to combat this growing epidemic.