Four new sesquiterpene glycosides from the aerial parts of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.

Four undescribed isodaucane-type sesquiterpene glycosides (1-4) and five known megastigmane-type sesquiterpenes (5-9) were isolated from the aerial parts of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. The planar structures and absolute configurations of 1-4 were determined by spectroscopic techniques, DP4+ probability analysis, X-ray crystallography, and ECD calculations. Concurrently, the anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds was assessed in RAW264.7 cells. Among them, 4 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory effects against NO production, with an IC50 value of 7.21 ± 0.86 μM. Notably, it showed potent activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Although the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated, CETSA and molecular docking studies demonstrated that compound 4 directly interacted with NF-κB p65 protein, suggesting a possible involvement of the NF-κB pathway.