Rapidly progressive necrotizing fasciitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive life-threatening infection located in the deep fascia, with secondary necrosis of the subcutaneous tissues. Staphylococcus aureus as a single etiologic agent is rare. The pathogenicity of S. aureus infections is related to various bacterial surface components and extracellular proteins. A 56-year-old man developed fever, hypotension, impaired renal and hepatic functions, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and rapidly progressive NF affecting the 4 extremities due to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). The initial presenting symptoms were general weakness and muscular pain over bilateral thighs and left shoulder, and gradual onset of weakness of the limbs. On the third hospital day, multiple red-purplish discoloration spread across the right lower leg and left forearm. Fasciotomy and debridement was performed on the fifth hospital day, and the diagnosis of NF was confirmed. MSSA was the only pathogen isolated from 4 sets of blood cultures taken on admission and cultures of tissues collected during surgical debridement. The disease progressed rapidly over the 4 extremities despite appropriate antibiotic treatment. He recovered after multiple extensive surgical interventions and 8 weeks of intensive medical care. Early diagnosis, intensive surgical intervention, antibiotic treatment and intensive medical care are crucial for a successful outcome in patients with septic shock and extensive NF caused by S. aureus.