Animal virus-host interactions mediated by non-coding RNAs.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of animal virus-host interactions, such as lncRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs providing profound insights into host-pathogen interactions and revealing significant potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the interactions between viruses (mainly including animal viruses, zoonotic viruses, insect-vector virus systems and plant viruses) and hosts mediated by lncRNAs, miRNAs, circRNAs and other non-coding RNAs. We focus on the research related to zoonotic disease transmission, non-model animals, aquaculture and animal models, and highlight the critical molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs (including host-derived ncRNAs and viral ncRNAs) in regulating virus-host interactions and their therapeutic potential as antiviral drug targets. In addition, we discuss future research directions and prospects for animal virus-host interactions. Meanwhile, we highlight the application of ncRNA-based RNA vaccines in the animal disease prevention, with the ultimate goal of improving animal health and fostering harmonious coexistence between humans and animals.