Management of Pediatric Genitourinary Anomalies: Navigating the Borderline Between Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology.

Pediatric surgery and pediatric urology are two surgical specialties that are interwoven yet have different career paths. This review aims to elaborate on the interactions and various models of practice between pediatric surgery and pediatric urology across different continents. A literature search was done using different databases, including PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. There is significant overlap between pediatric surgery and pediatric urology in the management of pediatric congenital and acquired genitourinary conditions. On the subcontinent in particular, training pathways and availability of these specialties depend largely on subregional protocols. Generally, there are distinct training, clinic, and referral pathways in high-income countries (HICs) as opposed to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where there is a severe shortage of specialists and less distinct training guidelines. The intersection between pediatric urology and pediatric surgery represents a dynamic and evolving frontier in pediatric surgical care. While the two specialties are distinct in their training and focus, they frequently converge in managing a wide range of congenital and acquired genitourinary conditions in children.