[Imaging of eosinophilic pneumonia : Differential diagnosis in radiological practice].

CLINICAL/METHODICAL ISSUE: Eosinophilic pneumonias are rare inflammatory lung diseases with heterogeneous clinical presentation and variable computer tomography (CT) patterns. Overlap with infectious, drug-induced, or neoplastic entities poses a diagnostic challenge in radiological practice.

STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL

METHODS

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the key imaging modality. Typical findings range from transient ground-glass opacities to peripheral, nonsegmental consolidations. CT allows assessment of distribution, temporal evolution, and relevant differential diagnoses.

METHODICAL INNOVATIONS: Advanced imaging techniques currently play a minor role. Quantitative CT and artificial intelligence (AI)-based pattern analysis are under investigation but not yet implemented in routine clinical practice.

PERFORMANCE: CT provides high sensitivity for detecting parenchymal abnormalities but limited specificity. Diagnostic accuracy relies on the integration of imaging findings with clinical data, laboratory results, and response to corticosteroid therapy.

ACHIEVEMENTS: CT is a well-established and indispensable tool for diagnosis and follow-up. Novel techniques remain largely experimental.

PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: In the presence of characteristic CT patterns and compatible clinical findings, eosinophilic pneumonia should be considered early. Lack of response to corticosteroids should prompt reassessment of the diagnosis.