Comparison of mobile learning and face-to-face training in intermittent catheterization education: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: This study aimed to compare the knowledge and skill levels of nursing students who received either mobile learning or face-to-face training on intermittent catheterization.

BACKGROUND

Performing Intermittent Catheterization (IC) with the correct technique can significantly prevent catheterization-related complications. Ensuring that nurses are proficient in IC prevents complications and enables timely and accurate execution of the procedure.

DESIGN

A parallel-group, non-inferiority, randomized, controlled trial.

METHOD: A total of 74 fourth-year nursing students in Türkiye were randomly assigned to either the face-to-face training (n = 37) or mobile learning group (n = 37) using block randomization. The study provided intermittent catheterization training via mobile application or traditional face-to-face instruction between April 10 and April 17, 2025. Data were collected using the IC Knowledge test and a skills checklist for both male and female catheterization procedures.

RESULTS

No significant difference was determined in the IC knowledge score between mobile learning (14.21 SD 1.58) and face-to-face training (13.56 SD 1.78) groups. There was also no significant difference in the skill performance score between the mobile learning (18.51 SD 1.57/19.13 SD 1.15) and face-to-face training (18.62 SD 1.31/18.56 SD 1.70) groups in respect of female/male catheterization procedures. The results showed that mobile learning on IC was non-inferior (non-inferiority margin: -1.02, 95 % CI: -0.13-1.43).

CONCLUSION

Mobile learning was found to be as effective as face-to-face training in enhancing both knowledge and practical skills in intermittent catheterization. Mobile applications can be considered as a supplement to face-to-face training in nursing education or as an alternative when face-to-face training is not possible.