Incidence of urticaria, angioedema, and type I hypersensitivity reactions associated with fibrinolytic agents in Thailand using the database of the health product vigilance center.

BACKGROUND

Besides hemorrhage, allergic reactions have also been observed in several clinical trials of fibrinolytic agents. These reactions might negatively affect patient outcomes, especially life-threatening type I hypersensitivity reactions such as anaphylaxis. However, there are limited data on the incidence of these reactions.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of study was to analyze the incidence of urticaria, angioedema, and type I hypersensitivity reactions from fibrinolytic agents for various indications.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of data from the Thai Vigibase database was conducted. All reports of adverse drug reactions from fibrinolytic agents from 1984 to 2017 were identified using the World Health Organization adverse reaction terminology. The proportion of each suspected adverse drug reaction and the cumulative incidence were calculated.

RESULTS

A total of 284 reports were identified in the Thai Vigibase database. The overall incidence of urticaria, angioedema, and type I hypersensitivity reactions for the streptokinase group was 52.64/10,000 persons, with individual incidence rates of 9.64/10,000 persons for urticaria, 8.90/10,000 persons for angioedema, and 34.11/10,000 persons for type I hypersensitivity reactions. In the alteplase group, the overall incidence for all suspected reactions was 18.90/10,000 persons, with individual incidence rates of 3.29/10,000 persons for urticaria, 5.75/10,000 persons for angioedema, and 9.86/10,000 persons for type I hypersensitivity reactions.

CONCLUSIONS

Type I hypersensitivity reactions were the most common allergic reactions from fibrinolytic agents. It is necessary to take these reactions into consideration when using fibrinolytic therapy.