Lipoprotein(a) levels in Down syndrome: A conundrum.

INTRODUCTION

Lipoprotein a (Lp(a)) is a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle that has been associated with risk for vascular inflammation, atherogenesis, calcification, and thrombosis in the general population but is also a risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD).

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective study of lipoprotein a, Lp(a), levels in adults with Down syndrome (DS) and at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

METHODS

Lp(a) serum concentrations were collected from 96 adults as part of a routine clinical assessment. A comprehensive medical chart review was conducted, including clinical laboratory values that could contribute to cognitive dysfunction (e.g., thyroid function tests, C-reactive protein(CRP), vitamin B12, lipid profiles, and vitamin D levels). Generalized linear regression models were constructed to quantify the relationship between each medical condition or laboratory value and Lp(a) level.

RESULTS

There was insufficient evidence for an increased risk for earlier age of onset of AD in those with elevated Lp(a) plasma levels (≥50 mg/dL).

DISCUSSION: Adults with DS may have unique neuro- and cardio- protective factors that deserve future investigation.

HIGHLIGHTS: Lipoprotein a (Lp(a)) elevations in Down syndrome (DS) are not associated with higher risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lp(a) elevations are not associated with typical vascular risk factors in DS. Distinct neuro- and cardio- protective factors may play a role in DS that may provide novel insights.