The Role of Epigenetics in Preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is a multifaceted pregnancy syndrome that significantly contributes to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and multi-organ involvement, it is influenced by genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. Recent research has highlighted the role of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA regulation, in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. This study examines how these epigenetic mechanisms impact gene expression in the placenta, contributing to abnormal trophoblastic invasion, immune maladaptation, and endothelial dysfunction observed in preeclampsia. Focus is given to the role of altered DNA methylation patterns, such as those observed in the HSD11B2 and IGF2 genes, which could serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis. Understanding these epigenetic changes offers opportunities for developing novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions, with the potential to improve pregnancy outcomes for affected women and their infants.