Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025
Prenatal exposure to the pesticides chlorpyrifos and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is associated with circulating levels of reproductive hormones in healthy infant girls.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Iversen Anna-Patricia, Bruun Jessica, Lund Lars Christian, Andreasen Sarah Bakkær Munk, Halldórsson Þórhallur Ingi, Juul Anders, Frederiksen Hanne, Andersson Anna-Maria, Hagen Casper P, Nielsen Flemming, Andersen Marianne Skovsager, Jensen Tina Kold, Andersen Helle Raun
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Pesticides are widespread in the environment and suspected endocrine disruptors that may interfere with sex hormones. Following the chlorpyrifos ban in 2020, use of alternative pesticides has increased; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) remains widely used. This study examined the association between maternal pesticide exposure and pituitary, gonadal, and adrenal hormones in offspring during infancy.
METHODS: We recruited pregnant women from 2010 to 2012 in the Odense Child Cohort, including 489 mother-child pairs. Maternal urinary concentrations of the generic pyrethroid metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), the chlorpyrifos metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), and the herbicide 2,4-D were measured at gestational week 28. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), Androstenedione (Adione), and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were assessed in infancy. Associations between prenatal pesticide exposure and offspring reproductive hormones (expressed as age- and sex-specific standard deviation (SD) scores) were assessed using multivariate linear regression.
RESULTS: In girls, higher maternal urinary TCPY and 2,4-D concentrations were associated with lower LH (-0.07 SD, 95 % CI: - 0.13; - 0.01 and - 0.06 SD, 95 % CI: - 0.11; - 0.02, per 1 µg/L increase, respectively); there were trends towards associations between 3-PBA, TCPY, 2,4-D and lower LH, FSH, E1 and E2, respectively. No associations were seen in boys.
CONCLUSION: In this low-exposed cohort, prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos and 2,4-D may affect the reproductive hormones in girls, but not boys, during minipuberty, which may have long-term implications. This is of public health concern given the fact that > 90 % of participants were exposed.
METHODS: We recruited pregnant women from 2010 to 2012 in the Odense Child Cohort, including 489 mother-child pairs. Maternal urinary concentrations of the generic pyrethroid metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), the chlorpyrifos metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), and the herbicide 2,4-D were measured at gestational week 28. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), Androstenedione (Adione), and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were assessed in infancy. Associations between prenatal pesticide exposure and offspring reproductive hormones (expressed as age- and sex-specific standard deviation (SD) scores) were assessed using multivariate linear regression.
RESULTS: In girls, higher maternal urinary TCPY and 2,4-D concentrations were associated with lower LH (-0.07 SD, 95 % CI: - 0.13; - 0.01 and - 0.06 SD, 95 % CI: - 0.11; - 0.02, per 1 µg/L increase, respectively); there were trends towards associations between 3-PBA, TCPY, 2,4-D and lower LH, FSH, E1 and E2, respectively. No associations were seen in boys.
CONCLUSION: In this low-exposed cohort, prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos and 2,4-D may affect the reproductive hormones in girls, but not boys, during minipuberty, which may have long-term implications. This is of public health concern given the fact that > 90 % of participants were exposed.