Current drug discovery technologies · 2026
Role of Endogenous and Plant-based Exogenous Antioxidants in 5- Fluorouracil-mediated Synergistic Anticancer Activity in Breast Adenocarcinoma: Targeting NRF-2-mediated Antioxidant Pathways.
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Das Rajat, Maji Himangshu Sekhar, Haldar Pallab Kanti, Bala Asis
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic drug commonly used to treat breast adenocarcinoma (BAC). Two primary challenges in treating BAC include drug resistance and weakening of the immune system. The flavonoid known as cat's whiskers flavonoid, derived from Cleome gynandra L. (Capparidaceae), has demonstrated antioxidant properties, helping to reduce harmful free radicals in specific inflammatory cells.
METHODS: This study investigated the combined anticancer effects of cat's whisker flavonoid (CWF), or 5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (5HTMP), with 5-FU(5-FU) and glutathione or L-arginine. The research involved in vitro testing on MCF-7 cells and in vivo testing on Swiss albino mice with breast adenocarcinoma (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) or BAC) over 9 days. Mice were weighed daily; half were euthanized to assess tumor characteristics, including size, weight, cell count, and viability via MTT assay, while the others were monitored for lifespan changes.
RESULTS: CWF, or 5HTMF, demonstrated a strong synergistic effect with 5-FU on MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value of 21.22 μM/mL. In vivo results showed that the group treated with both 5-FU and CWF had reduced tumor weight, volume, and cell viability, as well as a longer lifespan, compared with the other treatment groups and the 5-FU-alone group. This study confirms the synergistic anticancer activity of CWF when combined with 5-FU.
DISCUSSION: Cat's whisker flavonoid significantly enhances the anticancer efficacy of 5-FU, reducing tumor growth and improving survival outcomes. This effect may result from its ability to modulate oxidative stress and suppress resistance mechanisms in breast adenocarcinoma cells. It shows promise as a natural adjuvant to improve the efficacy of 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION: Therefore, the results suggest a potential new treatment strategy combining antioxidants with 5-FU and warrant further investigation in clinically guided regulatory trials.
METHODS: This study investigated the combined anticancer effects of cat's whisker flavonoid (CWF), or 5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (5HTMP), with 5-FU(5-FU) and glutathione or L-arginine. The research involved in vitro testing on MCF-7 cells and in vivo testing on Swiss albino mice with breast adenocarcinoma (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) or BAC) over 9 days. Mice were weighed daily; half were euthanized to assess tumor characteristics, including size, weight, cell count, and viability via MTT assay, while the others were monitored for lifespan changes.
RESULTS: CWF, or 5HTMF, demonstrated a strong synergistic effect with 5-FU on MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value of 21.22 μM/mL. In vivo results showed that the group treated with both 5-FU and CWF had reduced tumor weight, volume, and cell viability, as well as a longer lifespan, compared with the other treatment groups and the 5-FU-alone group. This study confirms the synergistic anticancer activity of CWF when combined with 5-FU.
DISCUSSION: Cat's whisker flavonoid significantly enhances the anticancer efficacy of 5-FU, reducing tumor growth and improving survival outcomes. This effect may result from its ability to modulate oxidative stress and suppress resistance mechanisms in breast adenocarcinoma cells. It shows promise as a natural adjuvant to improve the efficacy of 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION: Therefore, the results suggest a potential new treatment strategy combining antioxidants with 5-FU and warrant further investigation in clinically guided regulatory trials.