Prevalence and risk factors of acute kidney injury in patients with hip fractures.

BACKGROUND

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication in older patients with hip fractures. However, the prevalence and risk factors for both pre- and postoperative AKI remain poorly characterised. This study aimed to assess AKI prevalence before and after surgery in hip fracture patients and to identify associated clinical and surgical risk factors.

METHODS

This retrospective observational study was conducted on patients admitted with hip fractures throughout 2020. AKI was defined using KDIGO criteria. Data collected included patient demographics, biochemical markers, perioperative details, and mortality outcomes. Statistical analysis compared AKI and non-AKI groups and examined surgical associations.

RESULTS

A total of 190 patients were included. Preoperative AKI occurred in 2.1%, and postoperative AKI in 19.8%, with an overall AKI prevalence of 21.6%. Patients who developed AKI had significantly higher weight (p = 0.046) and longer hospital stays (p < 0.001). Postoperative AKI was significantly associated with being an inpatient at the time of fracture (p = 0.046). AKI development was also significantly associated with increased mortality (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION

One in five hip fracture patients developed AKI, which was linked to higher mortality. Key risk factors included higher body weight, inpatient fractures, and prolonged admission. Early identification and tailored perioperative care are vital for improving outcomes.