Pulmonary complications in traumatic brain injury.

Survivors of traumatic brain injury frequently develop respiratory complications that require specialized knowledge and management skills in both acute and postacute environments. This article discusses the pathophysiology of and treatment options for ventilatory failure, neurogenic pulmonary edema, and aspiration. Management of tracheostomies is also discussed, with particular attention paid to decision making regarding the removal of a tracheal appliance. Long-term tracheal complications are also outlined.