Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic management in nursing practice.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive condition and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. Characterised by persistent airflow limitation, breathlessness, cough and frequent exacerbations, it is often linked to smoking and other environmental exposures. This article reviews COPD from a nursing perspective, outlining definition, pathophysiology and evidence-based management. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies are discussed, with emphasis on smoking cessation, inhaler technique, pulmonary rehabilitation and holistic care. The central role of nurses in supporting self-management, co-ordinating multidisciplinary care and addressing comorbidities is highlighted. Aligning practice with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance can improve outcomes and reduce avoidable admissions.