Advances in accounting methodology of nitrous oxide emissions from the adipic acid industry.

Nitrous oxide (N2O), as an important gas affecting climate warming, is attracting attention from all walks of life. This review addresses N2O emissions status in the adipic acid industry, a significant industrial greenhouse gas source. It elucidates the N2O emission mechanism and influencing factors in adipic acid production. It extensively evaluates N2O emission accounting methods, including Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines, World Resources Institute (WRI) Protocol, and others. While the IPCC emission factor method offers simplicity and comparability, it may lack precision for facilities with advanced emission reduction measures. To address this, a combined modeling and monitoring approach is advocated. It scrutinizes modeling methods (statistical techniques, Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies, and Life-cycle Assessment) and highlights their reliance on specific data and perspectives. It emphasizes the growing importance of on-site monitoring with mid-IR technology. Additionally, it underscores the potential of aircraft-based and satellite remote sensing for comprehensive N2O emissions data. The review also highlights recent advancements in emission mitigation, particularly in adipic acid synthesis techniques, showing substantial potential for N2O reduction. Innovative paradigms and strategies for N2O mitigation in the adipic acid industry are presented, with a focus on achieving nitrogen oxides (NOx) -free production. These approaches hold promise for emission reduction, given the high removal efficiency in plant end-of-treatment processes. Various accounting methods, monitoring techniques, and mitigation strategies were integrated and analyzed to provides a comprehensive overview of N2O emissions in the adipic acid industry, with the aim of guiding future research and policy initiatives.