[Expression of NF-κB, EGFR, and HER3 in castration-resistant prostate adenocarcinoma: a clinical and molecular study of 88 Moroccan patients].

The progression of prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) toward castration resistance involves complex molecular pathways. This study evaluates the role of NF-κB and EGF receptors (EGFR, HER3) in tumor aggressiveness among Moroccan patients. A retrospective study with immunohistochemical analysis of NF-κB subunits (p65, p50, RelB), EGFR, and HER3 was performed on tissue samples from 88 PCa patients. Results were correlated with castration resistance status and Gleason scores (using Chi-square tests and logistic regression). Strong nuclear localization of NF-κB was detected in castration-resistant cancer cells (p = 0.0005), serving as a predictive marker for progression. Simultaneously, high EGFR expression was identified in hormone-refractory patients (OR = 5.37; p = 0.0010). Nuclear HER3 expression significantly correlated with high Gleason grades (≥ 7) in resistant tumors (p = 0.0064). Nuclear activation of NF-κB and HER3, along with EGFR overexpression, plays a critical role in hormonal escape. These molecules represent promising therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for high-risk PCa management in Morocco.