[Congenital heart surgery in patients with coexisting congenital anomalies of respiratory or digestive system].

Appropriate treatment strategy for congenital heart disease may be influenced by coexisting congenital anomalies of respiratory or digestive system. Typical congenital anomalies that coexist frequently with congenital heart diseases and have influence on treatment strategy of congenital heart disease include trecheoesophageal fistula, diaphragmatic hernia, and tracheal stenosis. In neonates with congenital heart disease and tracheoesophageal fistula (the fistula) should be immediately repaired after birth, followed by cardiac surgery to ameliorate heart failure or hypoxemia if feasible. In neonates with congenital heart disease and diaphragmatic hernia, diaphragmatic hernia repair is performed first unless heart disease is life threatening. In patients with congenital heart disease and tracheal stenosis, concomitant repair of heart disease and tracheal stenosis is a reasonable strategy in most patients. The treatment of patients with congenital heart disease and coexisting congenital anomalies of respiratory or digestive system remains challenging. We believe that properly organized management by multidiciplinary approach is essential for best achievable outcome.